Everyone wants to make a quick buck, but few look at what that entails. Nisarg Kamdar analyses some Ponzi schemes in India and reveals how greed for wealth has led to more loss than profit
随着90年代的经济自由化，印度的金融部门为印度公民带来了各种各样的投资机会。但是，现行的监管框架是可恶的，并允许各种可疑的投资工具。庞氏骗局，金字塔和多层次营销计划以欺骗易受骗和未开明的投资者的主要目标兴起。
THE BIRTH OF FRAUD
查尔斯·庞兹、欺诈的商人给他的name to the term Ponzi scheme. Ponzi intended to purchase an international reply coupon in Spain for one cent, exchange it for American stamps and subsequently sell the stamp in America where it was worth six cents – a 500% profit. To get started, he invited people to invest, and raised close to fifteen million. In what would become the trait of every similar scheme, he promised to double their money in 90 days. The scheme failed to account for the avalanche of red tape and word soon got out about its dubious viability. Ponzi was condemned to a life of lawsuits and prison terms.
WHAT IS A PONZI SCHEME?
一家利用随后的投资者带来的钱，而不是企业所带来的利润，向初始投资者授予了一项漂亮的收益。承诺投资回报率高，这需要新投资者的不断增加的资金。
IDENTIFYING FRAUD
与其他投资选择相比，异常高和固定的收益率是不对劲的第一个迹象。投资者必须知道，股票市场上没有容易的钱。投资者的狂暴使他们容易受到欺骗的影响。许多庞氏骗局将时间和金钱投入到品牌建设中，以获得信任。MMM是一种俄罗斯庞氏骗局，曾担任Sachin Tendulkar，Hrithik Roshan和Shahrukh Khan担任品牌大使。这些名人一旦下降就与公司远离了自己的距离，使投资者高高而干燥。另一种庞氏骗局Speak Asia将资金转入了一项广泛的印刷活动，旨在巧妙地获得投资者的信任。其他庞氏骗局也为“高级投资者”组织了庆典。
这里的智慧是，在信任您的钱之前，没有替代尽职调查。理解应许高回报的来源，而不是被名人躁狂症摇摆，而是更加敏锐的。
打击欺诈
政府两次颁布了一项修改SEBI（印度证券交易委员会）法案的条例。它的目的是使该机构拥有大量的调查权力以及对从投资者筹集一千万千万基金的任何基金的监管权。它还允许SEBI促进更快地退还投资者的资金。
The tragedy, though, lies in the fact that the ordinance has still not been converted into a law. The government is likely to promulgate an ordinance again – an ordinance expires every six months unless passed by the parliament in which case it becomes an act. But when the government is unable to promulgate an ordinance and the parliament refuses to enact legislation, SEBI will be rendered effete against these fraudulent schemes.
综上所述
Time and again investors have been fooled into investing in Ponzi schemes which keep appearing in morphed forms. At one level it shows the failure of the formal banking system. As the Economic Times pointed out, “India is notoriously under banked.” For a population of 1.26 billion, India has 65 banks, while America at less than a third of India’s population has upwards of 6000 banks.
如果第一次投资者不知道市场上的利率和收益率，那么他如何期望在庞氏骗局向他承诺什么方面确定异常？SEBI和非营利性非政府组织（如MoneyLife Foundation）的投资者教育驱动力确实受到了影响，尽管这减少了庞氏骗局的数量，但这些计划本身并没有完全熄灭。可能使他们灭绝的是害怕迅速起诉。
惩罚庞氏骗局
在过去的几个月中，对有害庞氏骗局和MLM计划采取了惩罚性行动，特别是：
»印度最高法院限制了撒哈拉集团创始人Subrata Roy的个人自由，鉴于萨哈拉违反了SC的判决，在该判决中，房地产投资者将被偿还投资金额以及应计利息
»被捕的议会议员库纳尔·戈什（Kunal Ghosh
»经济犯罪翼逮捕了所谓的亚洲球拍的主角拉姆·尼瓦斯·帕尔（Ram Niwas Pal）
THE POTENTIALLY FRAUDULENT
»Amway被指控的pyra吗mid scheme where people are merely recruited to sell the brand. No recruitment means no return on investment. Although a ruling declared them not such a scheme, suspicions are still rife.
»QNetis another business sued for being a pyramid scheme. Supposedly sells nutrition, energy and weight management related products.
»Bitcoinis a digital currency that has divided opinions. While mainstream media tends to treat it with more contempt and calls it a Ponzi scheme for the lack of regulatory oversight, folks of the internet seem to be grateful for a currency free from the clutches of the Federal Reserve.
Volume 3 Issue 7
